![]() You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy. We link primary sources - including studies, scientific references, and statistics - within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. Other factors that may contribute to vitamin B12 and vitamin B9 deficiencies include: Doctors treat the deficiency with vitamin B12 injections and, sometimes, iron infusions. If the parietal cells do not make enough intrinsic factor, vitamin B12 cannot enter the bloodstream via the distal small intestine. This is an inflammatory condition that affects the stomach, particularly the parietal cells that make intrinsic factor. A person can take vitamin B12 supplements or consume vitamin B12-fortified foods to alleviate symptoms. This is because vitamin B12 naturally occurs in animal sources. Vitamin B12 deficiency may occur when following a vegan diet. The following factors may cause vitamin B12 deficiency. Deficiencies in cobalamin ( vitamin B12) and folate (vitamin B9) are the most common causes of megaloblastic anemia. Megaloblastic anemia is a type of macrocytic anemia. Macrocytosis occurs in people with an MCV level higher than 100 fl. If someone has a high MCV level, their red blood cells are larger than usual, and they have macrocytic anemia. If someone has severe thalassemia, they may require regular red blood cell transfusions. If a person has mild thalassemia, they may have mild anemia or not present with any signs or symptoms. Thalassemia can range from mild to severe. It is a genetic condition that a person inherits from their parents. Thalassemia is a condition where the body does not make enough normal hemoglobin. Pregnancy: During pregnancy, people may need to supplement their iron intake, as the body needs more iron to support fetal development.Reduced iron absorption: Ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, weight loss surgery, and Helicobacter pylori infection may all reduce the absorption of iron.Diet: If someone eats a plant-based diet or an omnivorous diet low in iron, they may need to take iron supplements or focus on eating iron-rich foods.People with heavy periods may also lose a lot of iron through menstrual blood. Blood loss: A person may experience bleeding from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract when they have colon cancer or take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin.A person usually develops an iron deficiency due to an underlying health condition or factors such as diet and medications. Iron deficiency causes microcytic anemia. Microcytic anemia is a type of anemia in which red blood cells are smaller than usual. When a person has an MCV level below 80 fl, this suggests they have microcytic anemia.
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